A parametric study is performed to assess the influence of the tension reinforcement index, (w=p ¦y/¦́c) , and the bending moment distribution (loading type) on the ultimate deformation characteristics of reinforced concrete (RC) beams. The analytical results for 15 simply supported beams with different amounts of tension reinforcement ratio under three different loading conditions are presented and compared with the predictions of the various formulations and the experimental data, where available. The plastic hinge ROTATION CAPACITY increases as the loading is changed from the concentrated load at the middle to the third-point loading, and it is a maximum for the case of the uniformly distributed load. The effect of the loading type on the plastic ROTATION CAPACITY of the heavily reinforced beams is not as significant as that for the lightly reinforced beams. Based on the analytical results obtained using the nonlinear finite element method, new simple equations as a function of the tension reinforcement index, w, and the loading type are proposed. The analytical results indicate that the proposed equations can be used for analysis of ultimate CAPACITY and the associated deformations of RC beams with sufficient accuracy.

The use of short link beams in Eccentrically Braced Frames (EBFs) is generally preferred to long ones, mainly due to their high ROTATION CAPACITY and energy dissipation under cyclic loadings. However, long links have the advantage of providing openings in the braced spans of EBFs. Based on a few tests conducted on long link behavior in the literature, Seismic Provisions (AISC-341-05) limits their ROTATION CAPACITY to a small value of 0: 02 rad. In this paper, a three dimensional nite-element model using ABAQUS is developed for the inelastic nonlinear analysis of long links to investigate their ROTATION CAPACITY. It was found that using some new intermediate stieners, in addition to those speci ed in the Seismic Provisions, a large ROTATION CAPACITY for long links can be achieved.

Following unexpected failures of beam to column welded moment connections in more than 100 steel moment frames during 1994 Northridge California earthquake, widespread research program started in united states to inspect the reasons of these failures and find solutions to them. The result of these investigations suggested that the main reason for these failures was the lack of plastic ROTATION CAPACITY in welded connections. Following these researches, different types of moment connections and their improved details were proposed for using in special moment frames to provide minimum required plastic ROTATION CAPACITY and desirable plastic behavior. To ensure plastic hinge formation in desired location in beam span and achieve proper plastic ROTATION CAPACITY in suggested connections, one of the two strategies of “connection strengthening” or “local weakening of the beam section” was mainly adopted. Rib reinforced moment connections are one of the new connection types designed and suggested by “connection strengthening” strategy. This article reviews rib reinforced moment connections cyclic behavior and particular issues about these connections including strut action and inaccuracy of beam classical theory predictions in the rib area. Finally, it has been resulted that rib reinforced moment connections plastic ROTATION CAPACITY in steel moment frames is quite suitable and this connections are able to achieve plastic ROTATION of 0.03 radian and higher.

The lack of Quranic approaches in the production of Quran-based humanities is still felt, despite the predominance of the philosophical approach in critical approaches to modern humanities, which has become very common in the Islamic world and in Iran for several decades. It seems that the CAPACITY of the method of thematic exegesis (al-Tafsīr al-mawdū'ī, Arabic: التفسیر الموضوعیّ) in this regard, can be used to bring the Holy Quran into the field of humanities. Thematic exegesis, according to whether its subject is inside or outside the Qur'an, has several functions in criticizing the structure of modern knowledge and scientific research, as well as the production of Islamic humanities. It is possible to make use of thematic exegesis of the inside of the Holy Book of Quran in order to “fundamental criticism” of the general fundamentals of humanities -the fundamentals of epistemology, axiology, ontology and anthropology- and it is also possible to use thematic exegesis for constructing and producing foundation of humanities obtained from the Holy Quran. It is used by thematic interpretation exegesis of the outside of the Holy Book of Quran -such as Shahīd (martyr) Sadr’s interrogational approach- to answer the problems of humanities and this process faces challenges such as the complexity and multiplicity of the “subject” of the humanities that exist in modern terminology of this field. It can be used in order to solve this issue in some cases to know the process of the change of the components of the modern of the conceptual history’s approach and also by analyzing the issue into several components can be shown that the components are not necessarily a product of the modern era and can be followed up in the Holy Quran and can be found up in the Holy Quran. The perspective of the Holy Quran, after that, regarding the modern subject in the desired field by the “combining” of the results obtained based on the thematic interpretation.

In this paper, for the first time using of Bayesian regularized artificial neural network (BRANN) model, which is a novel method of among soft computing (SC) methods (such as fuzzy logic, genetic programming, neural network) to predict the ROTATIONal CAPACITY of wide-flange steel beams. Steel is one of the most commonly used materials in construction industries, mainly in steel structures. There are many researches and studies on the behavior of a structural member of steel structure such as beams under different types of loading. The accurate estimation of ROTATION CAPACITY (plastic ROTATION CAPACITY) is of significant importance issue for plastic and seismic analysis and design of steel structures especially for high rise building (nonlinear behavior). Similarly, the moment redistribution in a steel structure also depends on the ROTATION CAPACITY of the section. So the determination and accurate prediction of ROTATION CAPACITY of steel structures members such as wide flange beams become an important task. Using different methods such as finite element, regression and statistical methods in previous studies has been used in recent years. Therefore, in order to estimate the more accurate value of the ROTATIONal CAPACITY of wide flange beams, artificial neural networks are used with the Bayesian learning process. The Bayesian regularized network assigns a probabilistic nature to the network weights, allowing the network to automatically and optimally penalize excessively complex models. The proposed technique (BRANN) reduces the potential for overfitting and overtraining, improving the prediction quality and generalization of the network. The proposed model (BRANN) is based on experimental data that collected from previous studies. After a comprehensive review of existing literature, 77 data of wide flange beam were selected which had experienced to determined ROTATION CAPACITY. For this purpose, Half-length of flange, height of web, thickness of flange, thickness of web, length of beam, yield strength of flange and yield strength of web were consider as input parameters (six inputs) while ROTATION CAPACITY is treated as target of the Bayesian regularized artificial neural network model. The Bayesian regularized artificial neural network is modeled in MATLAB software and applied to predict the ROTATION CAPACITY. The results of this model were compared with experimental results and other models and equations that presented in the past (including Genetic programming (GP), Li equation and Kemp Equation. An analysis is carried out to check the performance of the proposed BRANN model based on the common criteria such as Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The optimal and best model should have the lowest values of MAPE, this parameter is 20. 32% for BRANN, 23. 49% for a Genetic Programming model that proposed by Cevik, 47/20% for Li’ s Equation and 56. 98% for Kemp’ s equations. The results of Bayesian regularized artificial neural network approach indicate a good agreement between the predicted and measured data. Furthermore, the Bayesian regularized artificial neural network model shows the most optimized results compared to all the previous model and equations. The result indicated that the Bayesian regularized artificial neural network could be used as a powerful tool for engineers and researcher to solve this kind of problems.

This study was conducted using a randomized complete block experimental design with five treatments and four replications in Marvdasht region, Fars province, for four years. Treatments included: 1) reduced tillage, 2) wheat and corn direct seeding, 3) corn direct seeding for four years, wheat direct seeding for the first two years and the fourth year, and conventional planting in the third year, 4) wheat direct seeding for four years, corn direct seeding for the first two years and the fourth year, and conventional planting in the third year, and 5) conventional tillage. Results showed that direct seeding and reduced tillage methods decreased fuel consumption, compared to the conventional tillage for 80% and 58%, respectively. Effective field CAPACITY for seed bed preparation and planting increased in direct seeding and reduced tillage methods compared to the conventional tillage for 6 and 3 times, respectively. Conservation tillage methods also increased soil moisture retention (maximum of 32%) with respect to conventional tillage. However, there was no significant difference between tillage methods from the soil aggregates point of view; conservation tillage methods had more stable soil aggregates. For the first three years, wheat yield was significantly affected by the tillage methods (conventional tillage was practiced in most of these years); whereas, there was no significant difference between tillage methods for wheat yield in the fourth year of the study.

Introduction: Intentional and non-intentional changes achieved in rhinoplasty, especially in two important nasal indices (nasal tip ROTATION and nasal tip projection) are not constant and tip ROTATION and tip projection loss will gradually occur in these patients. In this study we aimed to quantify and compare the rate of these losses in two common rhinoplasty techniques -open versus closed rhinoplasty.Methods: This clinical trial was performed on 68 patients in two groups - namely open (O) and closed (C) rhinoplasty groups. Nasal tip ROTATION (NTR) and projection (NTP) 4 weeks and 1 year after surgery were measured using standard photographs taken from the patients. The rate of alteration in these measurements within the said period was analyzed and compared in the two groups. Results: NTR loss in groups (O) and (C) measured 7.4 and 2.64, respectively (P<0.001). NTP loss in groups (O) and (C) was 2.44% and 2.26%, respectively (P=0.78).Discussion: The consistency of surgical results and structural properties of nasal skeleton (tip ROTATION and tip projection) are higher in closed rhinoplasty technique compared with the open approach.  

Considering that the execution of column in two-way hollow slabs has some limitations especially in terms of architecture, so in some executions, the column has to be rotated, which will change the spherical balls spacing of the column edge and change the punching shear CAPACITY. In this field of study, no laboratory research and numerical analysis have been performed so far. In the present research, after calibration of ABAQUS finite element software to experimental results, the effect of square column ROTATION with different spherical balls spacing from column edge, on punching shear CAPACITY and failure mechanism (areas prone to damage) in two-way hollow slab is investigated. The results present that by increasing the spacing of spherical balls from column edge to (S ≥ d) at different angles of ROTATION, the punching CAPACITY increases and then stabilizes. Under conditions where the spherical balls' distance from the edge of the column is less than (d), the punching shear CAPACITY is reduced by increasing the angle of ROTATION of the column. This is due to the presence of a damage-prone area at a distance less than (d).

Gravitational multipole moments of the Sun are still poorly known. Theoretically, the difficulty is mainly due to the differential ROTATION for which the velocity rate varies both on the surface and with the depth. From an observational point of view, the multipole moments cannot be directly measured. However, recent progresses have been made proving the existence of a strong radial differential ROTATION in a thin layer near the solar surface (the leptocline). Applying the theory of rotating stars, we will first compute values of J2 and J4 taking into account the radial gradient of ROTATION, then we will compare these values with the existing ones, giving a more complete review. We will explain some astrophysical outcomes, mainly on the relativistic Post Newtonian parameters. Finally we will conclude by indicating how space experiments (balloon SDS flights, Golf NG, Beppi-Colombo, Gaia...) will be essential to unambiguously determine these parameters.